10/31/2022 0 Comments Waxahachie supercollider![]() Serious design efforts begun during the late 1980s and early 1990s ramped up after the SSC’s termination. ![]() In contrast, CERN followed a genuinely international approach in the design and construction of its successful Large Hadron Collider (LHC), albeit at a much more leisurely pace than had been the case for the SSC. That phrase became lodged firmly in my mind throughout the many years I was researching its history. Wolfgang “Pief” Panofsky, founding director of SLAC, voiced that possibility during a private conversation in the months after the project’s demise he suggested that perhaps the SSC project was “a bridge too far” for US high-energy physics. But recent research and documents that have come to light have led me to an important new conclusion: The project was just too large and too expensive to have been pursued primarily by a single nation, however wealthy and powerful. Primary among them are the project’s continuing cost overruns, its lack of significant foreign contributions, and the end of the Cold War. Kolb, Tunnel Visions: The Rise and Fall of the Superconducting Super Collider, U. ![]() Kevles, The Physicists: The History of a Scientific Community in Modern America, 2nd ed., Harvard U. At least a dozen good reasons have been suggested for the demise of the SSC. ![]()
0 Comments
10/31/2022 0 Comments Sauerbraten recipes![]() Many add raisins while others skip it, some throw crumbled gingerbread or gingersnaps into the mix, others not, sour cream may be used or left out, and so forth. The most differences can be found in the gravy. What you won't find is two recipes that are alike!Įvery province, or should I say every cook, has their own version of this famous dish. It's a long-lasting tradition in Germany and you can find this pot roast on every single Christmas table, together with such staples as Glühwein, Lebkuchen, and others. It wasn't me who came up with an idea to serve Sauerbraten for Christmas. It is then served with a sweet & sour gravy made by using the cooking juices. Traditionally, beef is marinated for several days in spiced vinegar or wine or a mixture of two before cooking it to make the meat more tender and flavorful. Sauer means "sour" or "pickled" in German and Braten translates as "roast meat". This year, for the Christmas dinner, I decided to prepare German Pot Roast, called Sauerbraten (yes yes, sounds similar to Sauerkraut). If you want to try something new, you have to make it a few times before the actual day to avoid any misunderstandings. I plan my Christmas meals way in advance. This attitude of mine doesn't apply to the kitchen routine. #Sauerbraten recipes movieLike the great Arnold Schwarzenegger in the movie " Jingle all the way", where he is desperately fighting over the last Turbo-Man figure left in town. Like the next day close, ha ha! And then I am getting nervous when things I wanted are out of stock. I am one of those who is getting the gifts when holidays draw closer. I am not a fan of the early holiday buzz, though. Also, Black Friday is next week so people will be flooding the stores in search of the perfect presents for their beloved ones. ![]() #Sauerbraten recipes tvThe fork-tender beef, drowned in a velvety sweet & sour gravy, is usually served on special occasions such as Christmas but can be enjoyed anytime you want.ĭespite the fact that Christmas is still far away, malls, shops, TV commercials, and other media channels have already started their campaigns and you can feel the holiday spirit in the air. Sauerbraten, also known as German pot roast, is a signature dish of this European country. ![]() 10/31/2022 0 Comments Wise memory optimizer chip![]() ![]() Use DistributedDataParallel instead of DataParallelĬode snippet combining the tips No. Turn off bias for convolutional layers that are right before batch normalization Use channels_last memory format for 4D NCHW Tensors 17. CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) specific 15. #Wise memory optimizer chip update#Gradient accumulation: update weights for every other x batch to mimic the larger batch size Set gradients to None (e.g., model.zero_grad( set_to_none=True) ) before the optimizer updates the weights 13. Use mixed precision for forward pass (but not backward pass) 12. Set the batch size as the multiples of 8 and maximize GPU memory usage 11. Set the sizes of all different architecture designs as the multiples of 8 (for FP16 of mixed precision) Fuse the pointwise (elementwise) operations into a single kernel by PyTorch JIT Use tensor.to( non_blocking=True) when it’s applicable to overlap data transfers 8. Avoid unnecessary data transfer between CPU and GPU 6. Directly create vectors/matrices/tensors as torch.Tensor and at the device where they will run operations 5. Dataloader(dataset, num_workers=4*num_GPU) 3. For each tip, I also provide code snippets and annotate whether it’s specific to the device types (CPU/GPU) or model types. Then I dive into them one by one in detail afterward. #Wise memory optimizer chip full#I start by providing a full list and a combined code snipped in case you’d like to jump into optimizing your scripts. To better leverage these tips, we also need to understand how and why they work. I collected and organized several PyTorch tricks and tips to maximize the efficiency of memory usage and minimize the run time. The faster each experiment iteration is, the more we can optimize the whole model prediction performance given limited time and resources. The training/inference processes of deep learning models are involved lots of steps. Tuning deep learning pipelines is like finding the right gear combination (Image by Tim Mossholder on Unsplash) Why should you read this post? ![]() |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |